Esophageal cancer is a severe and aggressive malignancy. According to oncology research, this disease is often diagnosed late due to its subtle early symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, weight loss, and persistent cough. By the time the disease reaches stage 4, it has spread beyond the esophagus to distant organs such as...

Stage 4 uterine cancer and specifically stage 4 endometrial cancer represent the most advanced form of endometrial carcinoma, where the cancer has spread beyond the uterus to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, bones, or lymph nodes. According to the American Cancer Society, uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy...

Метастазы в легких диагностируют у 20-54% пациентов с внелегочными видами рака, и это резко ухудшает прогноз: при метастазировании в лёгкие рака молочной железы выживаемость снижается с 96% до 21%, а при метастазировании колоректальных опухолей – с 91% до менее 10%. При этом легочные метастазы сложно...

Bladder cancer stage 4 is the most advanced form of the disease, characterized by the spread of cancer cells beyond the bladder to distant lymph nodes, the liver and lungs, and even the bones. According to statistics, bladder cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide, with an estimated 573,000 new cases diagnosed annually and...

Stage 4 of breast cancer is called advanced or metastatic. At this step, the tumor spreads beyond the breast to other organs. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be 316,950 new cases of invasive breast cancer in women in the US in 2025. In the UK, there could be around 69,900 new cases every year by 2038-2040.

Рак предстательной железы – это наиболее распространенный вид онкопатологии у мужчин и одна из основных причин смертности в развитых странах Европы и Северной Америки. С 2014 года заболеваемость этим видом рака ежегодно увеличивается на 3%. Рак простаты является второй...